The mosquito family (Culicidae) can be divided to three sub families: Culicinae, Toxorhynchitinae, and Anophelinae – better known as the Anopheles mosquito.
In its adult stage of his life cycle, the Anopheles mosquito can be easily identified while resting even to the unprofessional eye. The adult rests with its body, head and proboscis (the sting) in an almost straight line. Furthermore, the straight line is positioned at an angle to the substrate, with some Anopheles mosquito species appear to be standing on their heads… This adult resting manner is typical only to the Anopheles mosquito.
The Anopheles mosquito’s larvae is also distinct. Like all mosquito larvae they are aquatic and occur in various types of pools (from very slow running water to stagnant water). Mosquito larvae breathe atmospheric air at the water surface. However, while most mosquito species have breathing siphon, Anopheles mosquito larvae do not. They spend most of their time parallel to the water surface, breathing through opening located on the 8th abdominal segment.
Single small eggs (no more than 200) are laid on the water surface by the Anopheles mosquito female. About two to three days later the egg hatches. On cold weather, hatching maybe delayed for more than a week.
Anopheles mosquitoes are famous as some of the Anopheles species can transfer Malaria. There are nearly 500 Anopheles mosquito species known to science, but only about 50 can actually transfer Malaria. When an Anopheles mosquito bites an infected person, it gets infected with Malaria itself and then bites a healthy person – infecting him/her too. Studies have demonstrated that most Anopheles mosquitoes prefer human for blood meal, bite mostly indoors and prefer the night with peak biting between 11 pm and 2 am.
The Malaria parasites are Protist called Plasmodium. Four species of Plasmodium can infect and be transmitted to humans by the Anopheles mosquito. They have 3 cycles during the development of the disease: one cycle in the infected mosquito and two cycles in the infected person. During these cycles the parasites transform through 3 phases:
When an Anopheles mosquito bites an infected person, it sucks the parasite along with the blood. The parasites enter the mosquito blood meal as phase 1 in its life cycle (gametocytes). Then it develops to the 2nd phase within the mosquito gut (sporozoites). This 2nd phase fills the salivary glands of the infested mosquito.
When this female Anopheles mosquito bites another person for a blood meal, phase 2 (sporozoites) are injected into the blood stream of the fresh victim, and Malaria have been transferred. The sporozoites migrate in the bloodstream to the liver and infect liver cells (hepatocytes), where they multiply into a 3rd phase (merozoites). After a while they rupture the liver cells, and escape back into the infected victim’s bloodstream.
The merozoites in the bloodstream infect red blood cells, where they develop into ring forms, trophozoites and schizonts which in turn produce further merozoites. Sexual forms (gametocytes – back to phase 1) are also produced, which, if taken up by a mosquito, will infect the Anopheles mosquito female and continue the life cycle!
To summarize, the anopheles mosquito also known as the Malaria mosquito should be carefully controlled to avoid his global distribution and his ability to easily transfer the Malaria desease and infect us humans. Different mosquito control methods are available and are well established. For personal mosquito bites protection read more on our best mosquito repellent recommendation.
In its adult stage of his life cycle, the Anopheles mosquito can be easily identified while resting even to the unprofessional eye. The adult rests with its body, head and proboscis (the sting) in an almost straight line. Furthermore, the straight line is positioned at an angle to the substrate, with some Anopheles mosquito species appear to be standing on their heads… This adult resting manner is typical only to the Anopheles mosquito.
The Anopheles mosquito’s larvae is also distinct. Like all mosquito larvae they are aquatic and occur in various types of pools (from very slow running water to stagnant water). Mosquito larvae breathe atmospheric air at the water surface. However, while most mosquito species have breathing siphon, Anopheles mosquito larvae do not. They spend most of their time parallel to the water surface, breathing through opening located on the 8th abdominal segment.
Single small eggs (no more than 200) are laid on the water surface by the Anopheles mosquito female. About two to three days later the egg hatches. On cold weather, hatching maybe delayed for more than a week.
Anopheles mosquitoes are famous as some of the Anopheles species can transfer Malaria. There are nearly 500 Anopheles mosquito species known to science, but only about 50 can actually transfer Malaria. When an Anopheles mosquito bites an infected person, it gets infected with Malaria itself and then bites a healthy person – infecting him/her too. Studies have demonstrated that most Anopheles mosquitoes prefer human for blood meal, bite mostly indoors and prefer the night with peak biting between 11 pm and 2 am.
The Malaria parasites are Protist called Plasmodium. Four species of Plasmodium can infect and be transmitted to humans by the Anopheles mosquito. They have 3 cycles during the development of the disease: one cycle in the infected mosquito and two cycles in the infected person. During these cycles the parasites transform through 3 phases:
When an Anopheles mosquito bites an infected person, it sucks the parasite along with the blood. The parasites enter the mosquito blood meal as phase 1 in its life cycle (gametocytes). Then it develops to the 2nd phase within the mosquito gut (sporozoites). This 2nd phase fills the salivary glands of the infested mosquito.
When this female Anopheles mosquito bites another person for a blood meal, phase 2 (sporozoites) are injected into the blood stream of the fresh victim, and Malaria have been transferred. The sporozoites migrate in the bloodstream to the liver and infect liver cells (hepatocytes), where they multiply into a 3rd phase (merozoites). After a while they rupture the liver cells, and escape back into the infected victim’s bloodstream.
The merozoites in the bloodstream infect red blood cells, where they develop into ring forms, trophozoites and schizonts which in turn produce further merozoites. Sexual forms (gametocytes – back to phase 1) are also produced, which, if taken up by a mosquito, will infect the Anopheles mosquito female and continue the life cycle!
To summarize, the anopheles mosquito also known as the Malaria mosquito should be carefully controlled to avoid his global distribution and his ability to easily transfer the Malaria desease and infect us humans. Different mosquito control methods are available and are well established. For personal mosquito bites protection read more on our best mosquito repellent recommendation.
Anopheles Mosquito
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1 comments:
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